Which act establishes federal requirements for the privacy of health information?

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, commonly known as HIPAA, is the correct choice as it establishes federal requirements for the privacy and security of health information. Enacted in 1996, HIPAA provides guidelines for the protection of patient information held by health care providers, health plans, and other entities that handle health data. It mandates that covered entities implement safeguards to ensure the confidentiality and security of patient-related information, thereby empowering individuals with rights over their own health data and setting standards for the electronic exchange of health information.

The other options represent concepts or possible legislation that do not exist or do not specifically address federal privacy requirements for health information like HIPAA does. While they may suggest similar themes of health information security or privacy, they do not fulfill the role that HIPAA does in the regulatory framework concerning health privacy.